SAP Query

SAP Query:

SAP Query is a powerful tool enabling report creation without the need for programming expertise. The tool utilizes InfoSets, which define specialized views of a logical database, specifying which fields are accessible for queries. Users can easily share SAP queries by assigning InfoSets to user groups.

Overview of SAP Query:

SAP Query caters to users with limited knowledge of SAP table data storage structures, facilitating the evaluation of data within the SAP system. It provides a versatile platform for defining reporting programs and generating various report types, including basic lists, statistics, and ranked lists.

Key Components Associated with SAP Query:

• Info Sets: Form the basis for queries and contain details from one or more database tables.
• Queries: User-created entities used to generate specific queries.
• User Groups: Restrict access to a specific query and manage authorizations.
• Quick Viewer: A user-specific tool for rapid report generation.

Creation of SAP Query:

1. Creation of Query SQ01
2. Creation of InfoSets SQO2
3. Creation of User Groups SQ03
4. Creation of Quick Viewer (User Specific) SQVI

SQVI allows for the creation of ad-hoc reports directly in the production system, eliminating the need for information transportation between systems. Functional consultants or business users with SAP table understanding can easily craft queries using SQVI.

Steps for Creating a Quick Viewer Report:

1. Enter the title and description for the report.
2. Choose fields for the report by selecting them from the available options.
3. Define the sort order for the report.
4. Specify selection fields to filter the data.
5. Save the configuration.
6. Execute the report to view the results.

Note: Unlike SQ01/SQ02 queries, those created in SQVI are not transportable, as they are directly written in the production system.

SAP Query Area:

SAP Query Area encompasses a set of objects, including queries, InfoSets, and User Groups that maintain consistency. There are two types of query areas:

1. Standard Area: Client-specific queries that do not create a workbench request.
2. Global Area: Client-independent queries.

Creation of User Groups and InfoSets:

Before creating queries, it is essential to set up user groups and InfoSets. User groups provide a logical grouping for InfoSet queries.

1. Create user groups in SQ03 with logical sets for InfoSet queries.
2. Create InfoSets in SQ02 by combining tables, reading from a single table, or using a logical database.

Assigning Infosets to User Groups:

In SQ02, assign InfoSets to user groups created in SQ03 to establish a connection.

Creating SAP Query in SQ01:

1. Enter the title and description for the query in SQ01.
2. Select the relevant InfoSet.
3. Configure basic list settings.
4. Define list fields for output and selection fields for input.
5. Test the scenario.
6. Save and execute the query.

Comparison between SQ01 and SQVI:

1. SQ01 allows shared access, while SQVI can only be accessed by the user who created the query.
2. SQ01 permits defining and populating additional fields, unlike SQVI, which only uses pre-defined table fields.
3. SQ01 automatically includes text descriptions, while SQVI does not.

Customizing Transaction Code:

For a user-friendly experience, associate a Z transaction code with an SQ02/SQ01 report. Follow these steps:

1. In SQ01, go to Query > More Functions > Generate Program to obtain the program name.
2. In SE93, create a Z transaction code, associating it with the program and selection screen (report transaction).
3. Save the customized transaction code for direct access.

User Authorization Control:

Control user authorization for queries and InfoSets:

1. Create user groups in SQ03 and assign InfoSets to them in SQ02.
2. Use authorization object S_Query in SU21 to assign authorization groups.
3. Assign authorization groups to user profiles or roles to restrict user access to queries and InfoSets.